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Hanesyddiaeth Traws-gyfryngol fel Ymarfer Addysgol: Naratif Cofio Cof Diwylliannol Colombia Ar Draws y Cyfryngau

Dr Matthew Freeman, Prifysgol Bath Spa

Erbyn hyn mae pobl yn ymgysylltu â chynnwys y cyfryngau ar draws nifer o lwyfannau, yn dilyn straeon, cymeriadau, bydoedd, brandiau a gwybodaeth arall ar draws sbectrwm o sianelau cyfryngau. Eto, yr her fwyaf a'r cyfle mwyaf i ddeall traws-gyfryngau - ei hun y defnydd o dechnolegau amlgyfrwng i adrodd straeon a chyfathrebu gwybodaeth - yw ehangder ei ddehongliad. Er ei bod yn cael ei hystyried yn arfer masnachol yn bennaf, mae'r sgwrs hon yn edrych ar gymhwyso arferion traws-gyfryngol i gyfathrebu hanes ar draws llwyfannau aml-gyfrwng, gan gwestiynu'r hyn y mae'r dull hwn yn ei olygu i'n dealltwriaeth o draws-gyfyngol. Yn fwy penodol, mae'r sgwrs yn hybu trafodaethau am y cyfraniad y gall adrodd straeon traws-gyfryngol ei wneud i arferion addysgol, gan nodi strategaethau newydd ar gyfer sut y defnyddir adrodd straeon traws-gyfryngol i gasglu a chyfleu atgofion hanesyddol, fel adnoddau addysgol yn y cyfryngau. I wneud hynny, mae'r sgwrs yn canolbwyntio ar y gwrthdaro arfog Colombia a phrosiect Desarmados, y bues i'n gwasanaethu fel aelod o dîm y prosiect, ac yn y cyd-destun hwn i ddamcaniaethu sut y gall traws-gyfryngau weithio fel hanesyddiaeth sy'n flaengar yn gymdeithasol ac yn gefnogol yn emosiynol. Mae Desarmados yn brosiect ymchwil a ariennir yn rhyngwladol sy'n anelu at harneisio syniadau masnachol am lwyfannau digidol ac adrodd straeon traws-gyfryngol fel arfau ar gyfer dogfennu dinasyddion Medellin yng Ngholombia ac i gyfleu eu hatgofion o'r gwrthdaro arfog Colombia fel adnodd addysgol. Mae’r prosiect traws-gyfryngol Desarmados, a gefnogir gan Weinyddiaeth Diwylliant Colombia a Llywodraeth Colombia, yn ceisio ail-greu cof diwylliannol gwrthdaro arfog Colombia, a datblygu gweithdai gydag ysgolion uwchradd ym Medellin i helpu i brofi deunyddiau traws-gyfryngol newydd fel dulliau menter gymdeithasol rhwng goroeswyr a chymdeithas sifil. Fel y cyfryw, bydd y sgwrs hon yn cwestiynu nid hanes adrodd straeon traws-gyfryngol, ond yn hytrach sut y gall arferion gweithio adrodd straeon traws-gyfryngol ddelio â hanes, yn greadigol ac yn gymdeithasol. Yr wyf yn dadlau fod Desarmados, yn dangos nid yn unig ffordd newydd o brofi a chofio hanes Colombia, ond fel yr hyn a ail-luniodd hanes Colombia er gwell. 

Mae Matthew Freeman yn Ddarllenydd mewn Cyfryngau Aml-lwyfan ym Mhrifysgol Bath Spa. Mae'n Ddirprwy Gyfarwyddwr y Ganolfan Diwydiannau Diwylliannol a Chreadigol a Chyd-Gyfarwyddwr Canolfan Ymchwil y Cyfryngau ac mae'n arwain cyflwyniad Cyfathrebu, Diwylliant a Chyfryngau’r Brifysgol ar gyfer REF2021. Mae ei ymchwil yn archwilio diwylliannau cynhyrchu ar draws ffiniau cyfryngau a hanes, ac mae'n awdur / golygydd saith llyfr: The World of The Walking Dead (2019), Transmedia Archaeology in Latin America (2018), The Routledge Companion to Transmedia Storytelling (2018), Global Convergence Cultures (2018) Historicising Transmedia Storytelling (2016), Industrial Approaches to Media (2016), a Transmedia Archaeology (2014). Mae hefyd wedi cyhoeddi dros 30 o erthyglau cyfnodolion a phenodau llyfrau, yn Olygydd y Gyfres ar gyfer cyfres lyfrau Advances in Transmedia Studies Routledge, ac yn eistedd ar fwrdd golygyddol y cylchgrawn Convergence. Mae'n gyd-sylfaenydd a chyd-olygydd y International Journal of Creative Media Research, cylchgrawn newydd sy'n anelu at fwrw ymlaen â'r potensial ar gyfer cyhoeddi ymchwil greadigol sy’n seiliedig ar ymarfer.

Transmedia Historiography as Educational Practice: Narrativising Colombian Cultural Memory Across Media

Dr Matthew Freeman, Bath Spa University

People now engage with media content across multiple platforms, following stories, characters, worlds, brands and other information across a spectrum of media channels. Yet both the biggest challenge and the biggest opportunity for understanding transmediality – itself the use of multiple media technologies to tell stories and communicate information – is the sheer breadth of its interpretation. Though primarily still seen as a commercial practice, this talk explores the application of transmedia practices to the communication of history across multiple media platforms, questioning what this approach means to our understandings of transmediality. More specifically, the talk furthers discussions of the contribution that transmedia storytelling can make to educational practices, identifying new strategies for how transmedia storytelling is now being used to capture and narrativize historical memories, as media-based educational resources. To do so, the talk focuses on the Colombian armed conflict and the Desarmados project, for which I served as a member of the project team, and for which in this context to theorise how transmediality can work as socially progressive and emotionally supportive form of historiography. Desarmados is an internationally-funded research project which aims to harness commercial ideas about digital platforms and transmedia storytelling as tools for documenting the Colombian citizens of Medellín and for narrativizing their memories of the Colombian armed conflict as an educational resource. A transmedia project supported by the Colombian Ministry of Culture and the Colombia Government, Desarmados seeks to reconstruct the cultural memory of the Colombian armed conflict, and develop workshops with secondary schools in Medellin to help test out new transmedia materials as modes of social enterprise between survivors and civil society. As such, this talk will interrogate not the history of transmedia storytelling, but rather how the working practices of transmedia storytelling can deal with history, creatively and socially. Desarmados, I argue, exemplifies not only a new way of experiencing and remembering Colombian history, but as that which reshapes said Colombian history for the better. 

Dr Matthew Freeman is Reader in Multiplatform Media at Bath Spa University. He is Deputy Director of the University-wide Centre for Cultural and Creative Industries, Co-Director of the Centre for Media Research, and leads the University’s Communication, Cultural and Media Studies submission to REF2021. His research examines cultures of production across the borders of media and history, and is the author/editor of seven books: The World of The Walking Dead (2019), Transmedia Archaeology in Latin America (2018), The Routledge Companion to Transmedia Storytelling (2018), Global Convergence Cultures (2018) Historicising Transmedia Storytelling (2016), Industrial Approaches to Media (2016), and Transmedia Archaeology (2014). He has also published over 30 journal articles and book chapters, is Series Editor for the Routledge Advances in Transmedia Studies book series, and sits on the editorial board of the journal Convergence. He is the co-founder and co-editor of the International Journal of Creative Media Research, a new journal which aims to push forward the potentials for publishing creative and practice-based research.